The pathophysiology of seizures involves complex changes in the electrical activity of the brain, leading to abnormal synchronization of neuronal firing and the generation of seizure activity.  While the precise mechanisms underlying seizures can vary depending on the type of seizure and the underlying cause, there are several key components involved in the pathophysiology of…

The causes of seizures can vary widely and may depend on factors such as age, medical history, genetics, and environmental influences.  Here are some common causes and risk factors associated with seizures: Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. It can have various causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infections, developmental disorders,…

Seizure disorders can be classified into several types based on their characteristics and underlying causes.  Here are some common types of seizure disorders: Generalized Seizures: Tonic-Clonic Seizures: These seizures involve loss of consciousness, muscle stiffening (tonic phase), followed by rhythmic jerking of the limbs (clonic phase). They can be associated with convulsions and may result in…

EMS Providers play a crucial role in managing seizure disorders in prehospital settings. Here are key points they need to know: Understanding Seizure Disorders: EMS providers should have a basic understanding of seizure disorders, including their causes, types, and manifestations.  Seizures can vary widely in presentation, from generalized tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal…

The Monro-Kellie Doctrine is a fundamental concept in neurology and emergency medicine that EMS providers should be familiar with. Essentially, it states that the skull is a rigid container that houses the brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and that the total volume inside the skull must remain relatively constant to maintain normal intracranial pressure…

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) refers to a medical procedure where a competent adult patient, who meets specific eligibility criteria, may request assistance from a qualified healthcare provider to end their life peacefully and painlessly. For EMS Providers, understanding MAID is crucial due to the potential for encountering patients who have undergone or are in…

EMS Providers should be familiar with the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), as it impacts their responsibilities when transporting patients to hospitals.  Here’s what EMS providers need to know about EMTALA: Purpose of EMTALA: EMTALA is a federal law that ensures public access to emergency services regardless of a patient’s ability to pay.…